Do you mean just copy the index-v0.14.0.db folder from PC to phone?
Don’t these files contain device-specific information (UUID device identifier, etc.)?
Last question (I won’t take more of your time, thanks already 
):
When scanned on PC, the path for files in my folder are
D:\Android\data\com.nutomic.syncthingandroid\files\music\example.mp3
so the database will be created according to these filepaths, right?
So when moving the index-v0.14.0.db to my phone, will ST on Android understand the files are now in
/storage/extSdCard/Android/data/com.nutomic.syncthingandroid/files/music/example.mp3
and so that the files already scanned/hashed on PC are in fact these files?