Are the folders you share in syncthing located on the internal storage of your phone or on external storage like a micro sd card? Google did a major overhaul of the external storage interface in Android 6. It’s also possible that you had root before and don’t have anymore or that you have to reselect the folders, because Android remembers which app is allowed to write in which folder. If that’s not transferred with TB, the app will try to access the folder. But the operating system doesn’t allow this, because the app currently doesn’t have the permission to write to this folder.
Yeah, and it was modified in lollipop and has gotten the ability to “adopt” the sdcard as the main storage device and in exchange only allows apps to write in specific folders of the internal storage on marshmallow. The file picker was also introduced before 6.0, but maybe it has been touched because of the changes regarding the adopt storage option.
I’m by no means an expert on the exact details of the storage framework tough. Just wanted to mention all possibilities I could think of. So if he now adopted the card, he can’t access non-standard folders on the internal storage any more. If the place where the special allowed instances of folders selected with the file picker are saved somewhere else on 6.0, and TB hasn’t been adapted to cope with that (or he uses an outdated version), that’s another possibility. But because he has a device without a micro sd slot, your link is probably the solution